What are the rules for citing sources with multiple authors or editors?

The rules for citing sources with multiple authors or editors vary depending on the citation style being used (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Here are the general guidelines for citing sources with multiple authors or editors in each style:

1. APA (American Psychological Association):

• For in-text citations:
  • List all authors’ last names the first time the source is cited.
  • For subsequent citations, use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” (Latin for “and others”).
  • Example: (Smith, Johnson, & Lee, 2019) for the first citation and (Smith et al., 2019) for subsequent citations.
• For the reference list:
  • List all authors’ names in the order they appear on the source.
  • Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name.
  • Example: Smith, J., Johnson, M., & Lee, A. (2019). Title of Book. Publisher.

1. MLA (Modern Language Association):

• For in-text citations:
  • List all authors’ last names in the signal phrase or in parentheses, separated by commas.
  • Example: According to Smith, Johnson, and Lee (123) or (Smith, Johnson, and Lee 123).
• For the works cited list:
  • List all authors’ names in the order they appear on the source.
  • Use commas to separate the names and an “and” before the last author’s name.
  • Example: Smith, John, Mary Johnson, and Anne Lee. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.

1. Chicago/Turabian:

• For notes-bibliography style:
  • List all authors’ names in the order they appear on the source.
  • Use commas to separate the names and an “and” before the last author’s name.
  • Example: Smith, John, Mary Johnson, and Anne Lee. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.
• For author-date style:
  • List all authors’ last names in the in-text citation, separated by commas.
  • Use an ampersand (&) before the last author’s name.
  • Example: (Smith, Johnson, & Lee 2019).

When citing sources with multiple editors, follow similar guidelines, including listing all editors’ names and using “et al.” or “and others” when necessary. Always consult the specific guidelines of the citation style you are using for the most accurate formatting.